permaculture No. 69

permaculture No. 69

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Ihave been slowly reading a book for the last few months, a few pages at a time, like savouring a good meal. It is The Biochar Solution by Albert Bates. I met Albert at the Ecovillage Conference at Findhorn in 1995. He was an established permaculture teacher and leading light of the ecovillage movement and I was an unknown editor. It was an amazing event where the Global Ecovillage Network was founded.

Albert interested me. A former environmental rights lawyer, paramedic, brick mason, horse trainer, he is proud to be a permaculturist, ecovillage designer and natural builder – he is a polymath. You might think this book might be dry and factual but you would be wrong. Albert is a storyteller. He describes an epic adventure through pre-Conquistador South America where the black soils of the indigenous people, ‘terra preta’ made from biochar mixed with kitchen compost, were so fertile they supported sophisticated cultures in cities deep in the Amazon. The Europeans invaded these lands, fought the inhabitants and imported infectious diseases and viruses that decimated the indigenous population. As Amazonian civilisations died out, the forest reclaimed the land.

“So great was the burst of vegetation over open fields and mounded cities that the carbon drawn from the air to feed this greening upset atmospheric chemistry. Analysis of the soils and lake sediment of both pre-contact population centers and sparsely populated surrounding regions reveals that the reforestation of land following the collapse drew so much carbon out of the atmosphere so rapidly that Europe literally froze.”1 My childhood history lessons – stories of the Thames freezing over and of Europe being so cold that Louis XIV installed parquet floors in the Palace of Versailles – have been entirely reframed.

When these civilisations died out, with them were lost agricultural sciences developed over millennia and the recipe of terra preta. There follows a journey through the history of agriculture: the rise and fall of civilisations who exhausted their soils; an exploration of self-sustaining and highly sophisticated indigenous organic polycultures (oh, how arrogant we are in the West thinking we are ‘civilised’ with our chemical, oil-based monocultures!); carbon farming techniques; the production of biochar that makes soils capable of supporting huge colonies of micro-organisms, creating symbiosis between soil and

Maddy Harland editor i s l D e b o

P a u

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plants; and how to lock up carbon in the soil. There is also a calculated rationale on how many people are needed to grow, plant and care for enough trees to reforest the planet. All these techniques will stabilise the global climate – indeed cool it – and within a few decades if we act in concord and quickly. This is permaculture design applied to global climate change. It is BIG systems-thinking broken down into bite size chunks and presented as an inter-related web of practical, scientifically researched solutions.

I have been meeting remarkable people who are undeterred by the collective inaction of the status quo and are 100% committed to building a new world. Polly Higgins, the barrister who is campaigning for a UN amendment to outlaw the deliberate destruction of ecosystems, is one of them (see pages 4-8). Like Albert, Polly has fuelled my resolve to carry on doing what I can to effect change.

A recent trip to the Houses of Parliament in London reminded me that positive change is unlikely to stem from the Western establishment or the enriched nations of the Orient, but it could come from the global voice of the ‘indigenous’ of all nations. This is me and you, my friends. We share a bond beyond race, ethnicity, class, nationality, education, religion... We share a love for the Earth and its people, and our deepest concern for the future. Yes, another world is possible, but only if we believe we can make the change. Choose your strategy, your campaign, your activism, your research, your passion – however humble – and stick to it not for a year or two, but for the rest of your lives. Speak up. Seek the company of like minds, of inspirational people. Treat every day as a miracle. Don’t give up and become bitter when things don’t go your way. Be here for the long haul.

Permaculture is. . . an innovative framework for creating sustainable ways of living; a practical method for developing ecologically harmonious, efficient and productive systems that can be used by anyone, anywhere.

Maddy Harland and the Permaculture team See Maddy’s regular blog at www.permaculture.co.uk/ writers/maddy-harland 1 The Biochar Solution by Albert Bates, New Society Publishers, 2010, page 35.

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No. 69

No. 69

permaculture permaculture