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3 LIFE BEYOND APPEARANCES Maddy Harland visits Geoffrey and Sue Hughes’

eco-build and woodland enterprise.

an innovative framework for creating sustainable ways of living; a practical method for developing ecologically harmonious,

efficient and productive systems that can be used by anyone, anywhere.

7 DIY PALLET CHAIR How to make a comfortable Airondack chair for free from reclaimed timber with John Adams.

11 COMMUNITY GENERATION Mark Laiosa visits Samsø, a Danish island entirely powered by renewable energy.

18 COMMONSENSE SMALLHOLDING Patrick Whitefield visits a permaculture smallholding and finds out how it pays its way.

21 FRUITFUL FOREST GARDENING Jude Dunn explores an abundant and robust edible landscape created by careful design.

25 THE AVATAR EFFECT Avatar is our first ‘deep ecology’ blockbuster film.

Chris Johnstone explains why it can be a powerful motivator for positive change.

29 LESSONS IN SELF RELIANCE Elin Lindhagen visits a wonderful example of food security and peace from a community that borders Zimbabwe and Mozambique.

35 OUTDOOR LIVING Tips from Maddy Harland and friends on living and cooking outside.

43 DIVINE INSPIRATION Simon Cross explores the self-sufficient tradition of Britain’s monastic orders.

47 THE SUBURBAN DOMESTIC DUCK The joys and practicalities of keeping ducks in a small garden with Cathy Ashley.

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REGULARS 15 Product Review 17 Solutions! 33 Permaculture News 65 GEN News 67 Letters 69 Reviews 72 Courses 77 Classified Exchange 80 Subscriptions & Renewals

50 PERMACULTURE PRIMARY Imogen Oxley describes how permaculture design has been successfully applied to a school.

53 STORING SUMMER’S BOUNTY Olivia Heal investigates how to store summer harvests using lacto-fermentation at home.

57 TEA TREES A family firm plants over one million trees and shows how business can be a force for good, Sam Gibson explains.

60 SIMPLE SOLAR SURVEYING Stuart Anderson shows us how to maximise plant yields and solar efficiency by identifying the path of the sun.

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No. 64

Permaculture Magazine

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