the philosophers’

magazine issue 23 • 3rd quarter 2003

contents reporter 6news hound the regular round-up from the world of philosophy, including straw poll and mediawatch

11after Iraq how philosophers reacted to war

13word of mouse the ethics of voluntary humiliation

15Bacc to basics will Britain make theory of knowledge compulsory in schools?

18out & about Tim LeBon on 90 years of the Philosophical Society of England thoughts 19Plato’s pleasures Jeff Mason on what the great Greek can teach us about love and desire

21sci-phiMathew Iredale’s regular science column smells a little odd this time

22science and ethics Robert Halliday and Heidi Ravven look to biology for some moral education

25provocationsMichaelLaBossierewonderswhethertheidea that minds are distinct from brains can be tested forum 28introductionwhyanimalsraiseperennialproblems

29Kenan Malik Jeremy Stangroom interviews the author of Man, Beast and Zombie

32shaggy dog stories Raimond Gaita on fiction, humans and animals

35a different difference Simon Glendinning remembers Sophy Dog

38surveyourreaders’ attitudes to animals revealed

40painismRichardRyder explains his new moral theory

43the nose job Stephen Clark on the moral dangers of taxonomy discussion 46open debate Tibor Machan takes on critics of his defence of libertarianism

50what is a lie? David Cowan deconstructs Derrida the lowdown 51the directory listings for UK and US philosophy organisations

52snapshotsthelowdown on Camus and Chomsky, on a need to know basis

54explaining ethics part eleven of Simon Eassom’s ethics primer looks at caring

54conceptual carvery thinking on and off your butt review 57The Making of a Philosopher by Colin McGinn

58Why Read Marx Today? by Jonathan Wolff

59The Meaning of Life by John Cottingham

60Aspects of Hobbes by Noel Malcolm

61Views into the Chinese Room eds. John Preston and Mark Bishop last words 62Bertrand’s break Stamp, who’s meeting whom, pondweed, sense data and the fiendish crossword

64lettershavingyour say on God, porn and fraud

66the skeptic just put your spirits together and blow subscriptions page 14

The Philosophers' Magazine/3rd quarter 2003 The phrase “professional philosopher” sounds vaguely oxymoronic, like “genuine homeopathist” or “freelance priest”. Yet there clearly is such a thing as a professional philosopher: someone who makes his or her living from working on philosophical problems.

The vast majority of these pros are academics, and even the handful of people outside the universities who manage to work on philosophy full-time usually aren’t strictly speaking professionals because the philosophy does not earn them their living.

This last fact perhaps explains the oddness of talking about professional philosophers. Surely it is not important whether a thinker gets paid for what they write or not. It is the quality of the arguments that count, not their market value.

This is certainly true and it’s why many people are sometimes suspicious of any attempt to distinguish between professional, academic philosophers and their so-called “amateur” counterparts.

To strengthen their case, these sceptics will point out that almost all the great works of philosophy were not produced by academics, not least because most of them pre-date the professionalisation of the discipline that only occurred during the twentieth century. So if you want to find the next Socrates, for example, you’ll have more chance heading for Oxford market than Oxford University.

But this last move is a step too far. As the argument itself concedes, most of philosophy’s classics were written before the modern university became the home of humanistic studies. So the fact that most philosophy used to come from outside the universities is no surprise: it could hardly have come from institutions that didn’t exist.

Furthermore, as anyone who has spent time in both markets and universities will know, there is just a greater concentration of philosophers in the latter than the former. I

may stumble across a philosophy seminar in a university but I have yet to be accosted in a market by someone trying to sell me their latest thoughts on transcendental idealism.

The fact that academia is now the main, and perhaps only major, centre for philosophical enquiry, means that it is only to be expected that most of our contributors come from it. Academia also has the virtue of quality control. The constant input and criticism of other sharp minds is always a spur to greater excellence in argument, and you can’t even get started in the profession unless you’re at least half-decent at it.

Outside academia, however, the story is more complex. Quality of work is more uneven and the good philosophers are harder to find among all the cranks and egotists who think they have solved the mysteries of life, the universe and everything. Even the good philosophers do not usually benefit from the continual close analysis of their work by their peers, which means they are more likely to head down intellectual blind allies or float off on flights of fancy.

At TPM we are interested in good philosophy wherever it comes from. We are also interested in the different cultures of academic and “amateur” philosophy and our new survey (p38) sheds some interesting light on this. Tim LeBon regularly reports on philosophy outside of academia (p18). And we also frequently publish articles by people who are not “professional philosophers”. Our main interview in this issue, for example, is with Kenan Malik, a public intellectual who is not and never has been an academic philosopher. We do not, however, apologise for the fact that we remain, on the whole, reliant upon academia for the bulk of our content. We shop there because it remains the major wholesaler of quality philosophy. But rest assured we keep our eyes open for good deals found elsewhere.

the philosophers’

magazine

98 Mulgrave Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 6LZ, United Kingdom Tel: 020 8643 1504 Fax: 0709 237 6412 editor@philosophers.co.uk www.philosophers.co.uk Editors Julian Baggini (print edition) Jeremy Stangroom (new media)

Reviews Editor Jonathan Derbyshire reviews@philosophers.co.uk

Contributing Editors Susan Dwyer, Simon Eassom, Peter Fosl, Michael LaBossiere, Jeff Mason, Christian Perring

Contributors Notes Contact the editor for further information or to submit ideas. Please do not send unsolicited manuscripts.

Graphics Jerry Bird, Michael LaBossiere

Illustrations Felix Bennett (cover), Gareth Southwell, Shaun Williams

Contributors Alison Ainley, Nick Alchin, Joseph Chandler, Stephen Clark, David Cowan, Steve Deery, Jonathan Derbyshire, Simon Eassom, Peter S Fosl, Raimond Gaita, James Garvey, Simon Glendinning, Wendy Grossman, Robert Halliday, Mathew Iredale, Sue Johnson, Michael LaBossiere, Tim LeBon, Tibor Machan, Jeff Mason, Christopher Norris, Heidi Ravven, Richard Ryder, Mark Vernon, Jonathan Walmsley.

With Thanks to Ophelia Benson, Lori Fells, The Rainnies, Pam Swope.

Printed by Warwick Printing, Theatre Street, Warwick

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© 2003, The Philosophers’ Magazine

ISSN 1354-814X

All views expressed in The Philosophers’ Magazine represent those of the authors of each article and do not necessarily reflect those of the editors or publishers.

The Philosophers' Magazine/3rd quarter 2003